States continue to pursue a variety of program integrity (PI) strategies despite limited information about which strategies generate the most value for the investment. In the past, MACPAC noted concerns about whether these PI efforts were making efficient use of public resources, recommending elimination of redundant and outdated programs. Because relatively little is known about the return on investment (ROI) for different PI approaches, MACPAC sought to collect information from states on how they calculate ROI. However, the study’s findings were inconclusive due to challenges in gathering usable ROI information for the full range of PI activities underway in states.