Lack of transportation can be a barrier to health care access. To address this concern, federal Medicaid regulations require that states provide non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT). Recently, policymakers have begun to reexamine the use of the NEMT benefit. For example, some states have received waivers to eliminate the benefit for the new adult group This issue brief describes the NEMT benefit, including who uses it, delivery models, financing, and spending. We also review issues related to program integrity and waivers of NEMT, among other issues.