Medicaid pays for health and related services in schools when covered services are provided to Medicaid-enrolled children and adolescents, including through school-based health centers, or when services are provided to a child through his or her individualized education plan under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, P.L. 101-476). States may also provide Medicaid payments to schools for Medicaid outreach and enrollment, among other activities. This issue brief describes coverage of health and related school-based services under Medicaid and how states pay for them.